Academic (post-doctoral) career: I did my doctoral work in the University of Cambridge, England and settled in Czechoslovakia (after marrying my Cambridge colleague, Dr. M. Heyrovsky) in 1968. I was a private research scientist (while raising our four children), in my postdoctoral years from 1969-1990! During this period, I published my work and participated in various international conferences. I was also a short term invited visiting scientist in 1988 in Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. I was then employed in 1990, as a Senior Research Scientist in the J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry till 2006 and then in the Institute of Biophysics, both of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Since 2013, I am an Emeritus private research scientist working actively and publishing papers. I have published so far about 200 scientific contributions and fifteen more on women in science.
Membership in scientific societies: I am a long time Active Member of the
Electrochemical Society,
USA and have served as an
Executive Committee Member
and Councillor of its European Local Section. I am a Member of
the American
Chemical Society (ACS) and also of the American
Association for the
Advancement of Science (AAAS). In 2002 I was elected as an
invited Fellow
of the World Innovation Foundation (F.W.I.F.). I have been an
invited team
leader of Czech women physicists in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd IUPAP
International
conferences on women in physics in 2002 (Paris, France), 2005
(Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil) and 2008 (Seoul, Korea). My name has appeared in the
Marquis' Who is
Who. In 2006, I became a nominated Member of the International
Advisory Board (IAB)
of Eurasia Conferences in Chemical Sciences.
Main research contributions: A major
work has been the successful interpretation of the
thermodynamic properties of
strong electrolytes in aqueous solutions in terms of the
earlier idea of partial
dissociation due to Svante
Arrhenius and
hydration. This
work replaces the many decades of the complicated theory
of electrolytes based
(erroneously) on complete dissociation and empirical
activity coefficient
corrections suggested by Lewis (since 1921). My
collected work can be found in: http://vixra.org/abs/1603.0133 and is summarized in
the ECS conference talk
in 2016: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305082740
In the year 1992, I invented a ‘wet-and-measure device in
polarography for
minute volumes of solutions’. This appeared in: Journal of Electrochemical Society, 139 (1992)
L50-52 and https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278973898. In 1993, I extended
this technique and
published ‘the current-spike
polarography for films and surfaces’. This was
published in:
Langmuir, 9 (1993) 1962, and can be
found in: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/244404843.
Also in 1992, I proposed the ‘rest
mass based neutron numbers’ for the elements of the
Periodic Table based
on exact rest masses of the electron, proton and neutron. This
work was
accepted in: Journal of Chemical Education, 69 (1992) 742, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231262226
Subsequently in 2004, I found that the Golden ratio
found in the
geometry of many spontaneous creations in the Nature, actually
arises right in
the core of the hydrogen atom due to electrostatic reasons. This
new work shows
that the energy of the
hydrogen atom is
actually positive (not negative as per Bohr). It has
helped in the
assignment of exact ionic radii from a knowledge of the
interatomic distances and
in the establishment of additivity
of
atomic and or ionic radii in bond lengths in simple as
well as complex
inorganic, organic and biological molecules. Also, I have found
that atomic,
ionic and Bohr radii (from first ionization potentials) of
elements, and bond
lengths and bond angles of molecules are related through
the Golden ratio.
Collected papers on
this are in http://vixra.org/abs/1709.0066 and a
conference talk
in 2015 in power point is in: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281270357
Another contribution of mine is obtaining
unambiguously, for the first
time, the absolute
potential of the
standard hydrogen electrode (which was
arbitrarily assumed to be
zero for the last two centuries since Volta). Thereby, the
absolute standard
redox potentials of the elements of the Periodic Table have now
been tabulated.
Collected papers are in: http://www.vixra.org/abs/1603.0168
Other fundamental new
interesting results in physical chemistry,
electrochemistry, solution
chemistry, physics and structural chemistry/biology can be found
in my full list of publications and significant results in my
webpage.
Pre-doctoral studies, career and award: My above interests in science
were built upon
my studies for the B.Sc.
degree
(major subjects: Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics) from
Maharani's College
for Women, Bangalore, University of Mysore (India);
(now Maharani's Science College for Women, University of
Bangalore), M.Sc. degree (by research) in
Physical Chemistry from the Indian
Institute of Science (I.I.Sc.), Bangalore (India). I
was awarded free studentships and scholarships for all my
undergraduate and post graduate studies. After
a few years as a Junior and then a Senior Research Assistant at
the I.I.Sc., I got an award from the Association of Commonwealth
Universities, which enabled me to get my Ph.D. degree (by
research) in Physical Chemistry from the University of Cambridge, UK.
My thesis for the Ph.D. degree was on the thermogravitational
separation in solutions of electrolytes (now
open
access at:
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270413 ; https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.17287).
It is this topic which provoked me to scrutinize the theory of
strong electrolytes. I was dissatisfied with the complicated
theory like several others and I eventually came to the conclusion
that the existing idea of complete dissociation had to be
abandoned in favor of the earlier idea of partial dissociation due
to ARRHENIUS
as stated in a paragraph above.
Recognitions &
honors: My above work on the
thermodynamics of aqueous
strong electrolytes was recoginzed by the award of an Invitation
Plenary
Lecturership by
the Organizing Committee
of the "Symposium Svante Arrhenius" in Uppsala, in
November 2003, commemorating the Centenary of the award
of the Nobel
Prize to Arrhenius.
The full text of this
Lecture is at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320021014, and with additional
data in Electroanalysis,
2006. Also, I was honored in my recent talk in
the ECS conference
in 2016 in San Diego, by the presence of the grandson (Prof.
Gustaf Arrhenius)
and great grandson (Dr. Thomas Arrhenius) of Svante Arrhenius.
Full text in ppt
is at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305082740.
In 2011, it was an honor to be invited by the Women
Chemists Committee of the ACS for a Symposium featuring seven
successful women scientists
(http://www.chemistry2011.org/participate/activities/show?id=153)
on the occasion of IYC 2011 celebration by the ACS in 2011. The
full text of my talk with audio (with 4 of my notable scientific
contributions is in the ACS website at: http://www.softconference.com/ACSchem/player.asp?PVQ=HGFE&fVQ=FIDDGM&hVQ.
Another great honor in 2014, was to give a Keyrnote
talk entitled "The Golden ratio in atomic architecture" in
the Shechtman International Sumposium in Cancun: http://www.flogen.org/ShechtmanSymposium/plenary_abst.php?page=2&p=Raji_Heyrovska&e=rheyrovs@hotmail.com&pi=124.
I had the great pleasure to be an invited team
leader of Czech Women
Physicists in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd IUPAP International
conferences on Women in
Physics in 2002 (Paris, France), 2005 (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil)
and 2008 (Seoul,
Korea).
Personal feelings: I consider myself very
fortunate to be a scientist
and I have always enjoyed both experimental and theoretical
research. I feel
that physico-chemical phenomena follow simple mathematical rules
and therefore only
as much mathematics must be used as to bring out the science
governing the
phenomena (- Occam's rule!). I would like also to
add that if one has
the talent to grasp the principles of science and mathematics,
it will be a
pity not to cultivate this unique gift to explore the many dark
corridors in
science and understand the workings of Nature. In this venture
one has to take
both failure and success with equal spirit, since the former
contributes by
showing the path to avoid. Also, I would like to point out the
hurdles which
one has to conquer in getting new and original ideas published.
Faraday’s
motto: ‘Work, finish, publish’ is currently best observed by the
preprint servers.
Acknowledgement: For all what I have done so far, I am grateful to the many in India (especially to the dedicated scientist, my late grandfather Prof. P. R. Ayyar, Research Professor of Chemistry, I.I.Sc., Bangalore and to his cousin, Sir C.V. Raman, for his brilliant lectures). Also grateful to many scientists in Cambridge (UK) and in other places in the world which I have visited, who enabled me to cultivate the desire and enjoyment of working in Science. I am equally obliged to some scientists in Czech Republic for giving me the moral support. Turning to my family, I am very fortunate to have had their loving encouragement
Last but not least I would like to add that I support vegetarianism, veganism, education of all people including women, human and animal rights and peaceful & friendly coexistence of all living beings in the World.
* AN ABRIDGED CV (Dr. R. Heyrovska) is at: http://www.flogen.org/sips2015/cv.php?page=2&p=Raji_Heyrovska&e=rheyrovs@hotmail.com&pi=308